The heaviest elements in a period have the smallest radii because as you go across a period from left to right , the elements have more protons, forcing a much stronger pull on the electron shells toward the nucleus, making the radius smaller. The heaviest elements have smaller radii because they have more protons, which makes the pull stronger.
As you go down a group the electronegativity decreases, because as you go further down the list of elements in a grou, the element gains more metallic characteristics. The more mettalic an element is the more likely is it to lose electrons. When elements are larger in size they have a lower electronegativity because it has more shells and since more shells make it father from the nucleus, it lessens the attraction of the electrons.
As you go from left to right on the periodic table, the ionization energy increases. This is because metals are more likely to lose electrons than non-metals. As you move right on the periodic table, the elments start to gain non-metals characteristics , which makes it harder to lose electrons because they normally gain electrons.
The trends are reffered as periodic because trends are repeated periodically or at regular intervals.
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